November 3rd in history has been of marked significance for many reasons, mostly for bad reasons. Some of the incidents that impacted lives and livelihood of humanity are listed below.
November 3rd in Indian History-
1984-
The anti-Sikh massacre of 1984 was a series of organized pogroms against the Sikh community after the assassination of then Indian PM, Shrimati Indira Gandhi by her two Sikh bodyguards — Satwant Singh and Beant Singh. In this massacre, at least 3,000 had been killed in New Delhi and an estimate 8,000 across India in 3 day anti-Sikh riot.
1838-
The Times of India, world’s largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.
November 3rd in World History
644 –
Umar ibn al-Khattab was born in 586, Mecca, Arabia, and died on November 3, 644. He was the second Muslim caliph. In 644, ʿUmar was attacked by a Persian Christian slave named Abū Luʾluʾah, and after three days he died from his wounds. On his last breath, ʿUmar appointed a six-man council that eventually selected ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān as his successor.
1394-
France was the center of the Jewish in the middle ages, but over time, persecution increased, including multiple exclusions and returns. Moreover, the government confiscated their land.
1468-
Liège is sacked by Charles I of Burgundy’s troops.
1493-
Christopher Columbus ‘discovers’ the island of Dominica, which the Kalinago initially inhabited.
1527-
Ferdinand of Austria and Bohemia have chosen as king of Hungary
1529–
1st sitting of the Reformation Parliament in London
1534–
English parliament passes the Act of Supremacy, making Henry VIII and all subsequent monarchs the Head of the Church of England
1620–
Great Patent granted to Plymouth Colony.
1640-
English Long Parliament forms.
1655-
England & France sign military & economic treaties.
1656–
Treaty of Vilnius: Russia & Poland sign anti-Swedish covenant [NS].
1676–
Kara Mustafa succeeds Ahmed Kiprulu as Turkish grand vizier.
1716–
Pacification Treaty of Warsaw: Tsar Peter the Great guarantees Saxon monarch August I’s Polish kingdom.
1762–
Britain & Spain sign Treaty of Paris
1791–
Battle at Wabash: Indians assault general St Clair, 637 soldiers killed.
1793-
French social reformer and feminist Olympe de Gouges—who challenged conventional views on a number of matters, especially the role of women as citizens—was executed by guillotine.
1793-
Stephen Austin, the founder of the principal settlements of English-speaking people in Texas in the 1820s, was born when that territory was still part of Mexico.
1796–
John Adams was elected as 2nd president of the United States of America.
1812–
Napoleonic armies were defeated at Vyazma.
1820–
Cuenca (Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca), Ecuador, declares independence.
1839-
First Opium War – 2 British frigates engage several Chinese junks.
1848–
Johan Thorbeckes revises the Constitution of the Netherlands
1860–
Poet and critic Matthew Arnold begin his series of lectures “On Translating Homer” as Oxford Professor of Poetry at Oxford University.
1867-
Battle at Mentana: French & Papal troops beat Giuseppe Garibaldi
1868-
John Willis Menard from Louisiana is elected the first black US Congressman (opposition to his election means he never sits in Congress).
1889-
Menelik II is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia at the Church of Mary on Mount Entoto.
1896-
Martha Hughes Cannon of Utah was elected 1st female state senator in the US.
1899-
World heavyweight boxing champion James J. Jeffries retains title; beats Irishman Tom Sharkey on points in 25 rounds at Coney Island Athletic Club, Brooklyn, NYC
1903-
American photographer Walker Evans, whose best-known images show quotidian American life during the second quarter of the 20th century, was born.
1905-
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia signs a document of amnesty for the political prisoners.
1911-
Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market in competition with the Ford Model T.
1916–
Treaty establishes British suzerainty over Qatar.
1918-
Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolves.
1918-
Poland proclaims independence from Russia after WW I.
1928-
Turkey switches from Arabic to the Roman alphabet.
1930-
Bank of Italy was renamed Bank of America.
1930-
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas became Head of the Provisional Government in Brazil after a bloodless coup on October 24.
1936-
President Franklin D. Roosevelt wins a second term in office, defeating Republican candidate Alf Landon in the most lopsided election in American history in terms of the electoral vote.
1941-
Hirohito’s accord on Yamamoto’s attack plan on Pearl Harbor fails.
1946-
Emperor Hirohito proclaims a new Japanese constitution.
1955-
Scientists Carlton E. Schwerdt and Fred L. Schaffer announce they have crystallized the pure poliovirus, meaning they can better determine the virus’ chemical and biological properties.
1955-
On this day, Australia takes control of the Cocos Islands.
1956-
Suez Crisis: After several days of fighting, Israeli forces capture the Gaza Strip.
1957-
The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 2, which carried the dog Laika, a mostly-Siberian husky, the first living creature to be shot into space and orbit Earth.
1967-
Vietnam War: The Battle of Dak To begins, becoming one of the bloodiest battles of the war.
1968-
Ex-Prime Minister of Greece Georgios Papandreou buried. Three hundred thousand demonstrate against the fascist junta.
1970-
Marxist Salvador Allende was inaugurated as President of Chile.
1998-
American cartoonist Bob Kane, who created (with Bill Finger) Batman and Robin’s comic-book characters, died in Los Angeles.
2014-
On this day, one World Trade Center opened in New York City on the site of the former World Trade Center complex, which had been largely destroyed in the September 11, 2001, attacks.